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Seeking Stability

The events surrounding the Balkan situation have prompted considerations of international law and the need for confirmation by the signatory powers of the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. The treaty stated that no nation could free itself from treaty commitments or modify stipulations without the consent of the contracting powers through amicable arrangements. To give legal sanction to various acts, confirmation by the signatory powers appears necessary, potentially through a logical and hoped-for conference.

The recent chapter of the Balkan situation, initiated in October 1908, concluded in March. Servia, influenced by Russia’s conciliatory stance, accepted Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Servia agreed to demobilize its military forces and officially declared that Austria-Hungary’s actions provided no grounds for complaint. Turkey had already accepted compensation and concessions from Austria, foregoing the nomina

The recent developments in the Balkans have reignited tensions in Europe, with Bulgaria declaring independence on October 5, 1908, in Tirnovo, the historical capital. Simultaneously, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Crete raised the Greek flag. These actions violate the status established by the Treaty of Berlin on July 13, 1878.

According to the Treaty of Berlin, Bulgaria was to be an autonomous and tributary principality under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Sultan. The annexation of Eastern Boumelia by Bulgaria in 1885 was already a breach of the treaty. Now Cholera Status in Austria-Hungary, the recognition of Bulgarian independence threatens not only the loss of that autonomy but also the loss of Eastern Boumelia.

Similarly, the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary directly contradicts the terms of the treaty. Crete, while acknowledging Turkish suzerainty, has operated with a h

Cholera Status in Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and France

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

As of September 24, one fatal case of cholera was officially reported in Austrian territory. The case occurred in Prellenkirchen. In Hungary, for the week ending September 23, 19 cholera cases with 9 deaths were reported. Notably, the disease seemed initially limited to personnel on Danube vessels, but since medical inspection, no further cases emerged among them. An update on October 9 indicated 29 new cholera cases with 14 deaths in Hungary from September 24 to 30, including 14 cases in Ujpest Reflections on Balkan Affairs.

BULGARIA

Sosopolis, a Black Sea port, reported five bacteriologically verified cholera cases from September 18 to 29. Rigorous measures, including isolation, were implemented to prevent the disease’s spread. By October 7, a total of 12 cholera cases with 4 deaths were reported in Sosopolis.

FRANCE<